Water-thinned paint in which only acrylic resin is used as the binder medium. Typically the highest quality latex paints used for a wide variety of architectural coatings, 100% Acrylic Latexes have superior adhesion, long-term flexibility, breathability, alkali resistance, toughness, and color and sheen retention.

A wearing, grinding, or rubbing away by friction.

Water-thinned paint which employs acrylic resin as the majority of the binder. Other binders which may be added to reduce cost or add specific properties includestyrene, epoxy, and poly-vinyl acetate.

Resins which have established a pre-eminent position among coating formulators, having shown superiority in such respects as color and gloss retention, alkali and oxidation (chalk) resistance, hardness, adhesive and cohesive strength, and overall film durability. Generically, resins resulting from the polymerization of derivatives of acrylicacids, including esters of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylonitrile, and their copolymers. Also known as acrylate resins.

A synthetic polymer used in high-performance latex or water-based paints. As the paint's binder, acrylic resins enable the coating to last longer and retain its color.

A substance added to a formulation in relatively small amounts to impart or improve desirable properties or suppress undesirable properties.

The ability of dry paint to remain on the surface without blistering, flaking or cracking. Adhesion is probably the single most important property of paint. Wet adhesion, the ability of dry paint to adhere to the surface in spite of wet conditions, is particularly important for exterior house paints.

Process of atomization of paint by forcing it through an orifice at high pressure. The effect is often aided by the vaporization of the solvents, especially if the paint has been previously heated.

Cleaning process that employs a high PH solution (caustic). A good choice for parts with little buildup of contaminants

Resins used mostly in trim paints, inside and out, although some medium duty equipment and marine enamels employ these resins as binders. Most often alkyd resins are found in vehicles employing aliphatic hydrocarbons (mineral spirits or other refined petroleum distillate) as thinner. Alkyds offer good leveling properties and cure to a relatively durable film, but tend to yellow interior and embrittle with age. Color and gloss exterior is only fair, and alkyds are highly prone to failure exterior on surfaces containing even moderate levels of moisture. Chemically, alkyds are synthetic resins formed by the condensation of polyhydric alcohols with polybasic acids. They may be regarded as complex esters. The most common polyhydric alcohol used is glycerol, and the most common polybasic acid is phthalic anhydride. Modified alkyds are those in which the polybasic acid is substituted in part by a monobasic acid, of which the vegetable oil fatty acids are typical.

Hard particulate medium used in grit blasting to clean and roughen surfaces that are to be coated.

The average diameter of powder particles as determined by various test methods.

A condition that can occur during electrostatic application of powder in which an excessive build up of charged powder particles limits further powder from being deposited from the substrate and can be reverse the electrical charge of the surface layer of powder particles. Also called electro static rejection or repelling.

Coatings that are cured or dried at or above an oven air temperature of 194 °F (90 °C).

The binder cements the pigment particles into a uniform paint film and also makes the paint adhere to the surface. The nature and amount of binder determine most of the paint's performance properties -- washability, toughness, adhesion, and color retention. Acrylic polymers are the binder of choice in producing quality high-performance latex paints.

Loss of color, usually caused by exposure to sunlight.

The formulation of dome-shaped, hollow projections on paint, often caused by heat or moisture. Can also be caused by solvent entrapment in a paint film which has surface dried before the solvent has completely escaped.

Mass per unit of volume in powder form, including the air trapped between particles.

A method of removing a coating. Temperature is elevated above the degradation point of the coating and held there until the coating breaks down (See surface preparation).

For thermosetting materials, a chemical reaction, through the further application of energy, also takes place. The fused and cured film has the uniformity, color, toughness, and other properties associated with protective and decorative coatings.

The liquid portion of a coating (solvent or water) in which solids are dissolved or suspended.

Upfront cash to exporters before shipment.

Seller pays the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination, Terms of Sale but the risk of loss of or damage to the goods, as (continued) well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time the goods have been delivered on board the vessel, is transferred from the seller to the buyer when the goods pass the ship's rail in the port of shipment. The CFR term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.

Formation of a friable powder on the surface of a paint film caused by the disintegration of the binding medium due to disruptive factors during weathering. The chalking of a paint film can be considerably affected by the choice and concentration of the pigment. It can also be affected by the choice of the binding medium.

Powerful organic solvents that contain chlorine. Examples include 1,1,1-trichloroethane and methylene chloride. These solvents are characterized as volatile organic compounds. Their use is regulated and heavily restricted.

Seller has the same obligations as under the CFR but also has to procure marine insurance against the buyer's risk of loss or damage to the goods during the carriage. The seller contracts for insurance and pays the insurance premium. The CIF term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.

Seller has the same obligations as under CPT, but with the addition that the seller has to procure cargo insurance against the buyer's risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage. The seller contracts for insurance and pays the insurance premium. The buyer should note that under the CIP term the seller is required to obtain insurance only on minimum coverage. The CIP term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.

A method of moving charged or uncharged object through a charged or uncharged cloud of powder in enclosed chamber.

Film-forming material used for the decoration and/or protection of the surfaces of objects. Coatings include, but are not limited to, lacquers, enamels, powders, elastomeric materials, primers, primer surfacers, basecoats, midcoats, and clearcoats.

The ability of paint to keep its original color and resist fading.

Operation that provides paint stripping services to the general public as well as to other commercial enterprises

The capacity of powder coatings from indifferent sources of different compositions to be combined and applied so as to yield no visible or mechanically measurable differences in the cured film or application properties.

Secret , very secret , so secret

Payments deferred until goods sold.

The resistance of a paint to flow. A paint with high consistency flows slowly; a paint with low consistency flows readily.

The process of inducing a static electric charge on powder particles by passing the powder coating film is determined to have developed specified properties.

Process of metal decomposition (oxidation) in which metal ions are united with oxygen to form metal oxides. Fluoropolymer coatings provide excellent barriers against most corrosives.

Seller pays the freight for the carriage of the goods to the named destination. The risk of loss of or damage to the goods, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time the goods have been delivered to the carrier, is transferred from the seller to the buyer when the goods have been delivered into the custody of the carrier. If subsequent carriers are used for the carriage to the agreed upon destination, the risk passes when the goods have been delivered to the first carrier. The CPT term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.

Breaks or splits in the paint's surface.

The time/temperature relation required to properly crosslink a thermosetting powder coating.

A powder coating film resistance to penetrate from the combined application of sharp edges, heat, and pressure. A formalized test used by applicators of isolative powder to electrical motors.

Seller fulfill their obligation to deliver when the goods have been made available, cleared for export, at the named point and placed at the frontier, but before the customs Terms of Sale border of the adjoining country.

Seller fulfills his obligation to deliver when the goods have been made available at the named place in the country of importation. The seller has to bear the risks and costs, including duties, taxes and other charges of delivering the goods thereto, clear for importation. While the EXW term represents the minimum obligation for the seller, DDP represents the maximum.

Seller fulfills his obligation to deliver when the goods have been made available at the named place in the country of importation. The seller has to bear the costs and risks involved in bringing the goods thereto (excluding duties, taxes and other official charges payable upon importation) as well as the costs and risks of carrying out customs formalities. The buyer has to pay any additional costs and to bear any risks caused by failure to clear the goods for in time.

The process of moving the powder coating through the application equipment to the end product.

When the goods have been available to the buyer on the quay (wharf) at the named port of destination, cleared for importation. The seller has to bear all risks and costs including duties, taxes and other charges of delivering the goods thereto.

Seller fulfills his/her obligation to deliver when the goods have been made available to the buyer on board the ship, uncleared for import at the named port of destination. The seller has to bear all the costs and risks involved in bringing the goods to the named port destination.

Paint stripping process in which a coated piece is lowered into (and often submersed in) a tank containing a paint stripping formulation.

The degree to which paint withstands the destructive effects of the environment to which it is exposed, especially harsh weather conditions. Durability has two aspects. Its protective properties safeguard the substrate from degradation. Its decorative properties allow the paint to retain its attractive appearance.

A powder coating's capability to flow over, build, and adhere to sharp corners, angles, and edges.

An encrustation of soluble salts, commonly white, deposited on the surface of coatings, stone, brick, plaster, or mortar; usually caused by salts or free alkalies leached from mortar or adjacent concrete as moisture moves through it.

The ability of paint to expand and contract with the substrate without suffering damage or changes in its appearance. Expansion and contraction are usually caused by temperature fluctuations. Some substrates such as yellow pine expand at different rates depending on the type of their grain. Elasticity is a key to durability. Acrylic binders are noted for their elasticity.

A technique of moving and charging powder so that it is deposited on a grounded substrate.

A deposition method of charging fluidized powder so that it is deposited onto a grounded substrate.

A deposition method of spraying and charging powder so that it is deposited on to a grounded substrate. See Corona charging and Tribocharging.

A two-phase liquid system in which small droplets of one liquid (the internal phase) are immiscible in, and are dispersed uniformly throughout, a second continuous liquid phase (the external phase). This contrasts with a latex, which consists of solids dispersed in a liquid.

Topcoats which are characterized by their ability to form a smooth surface; originally associated with a high gloss, but may also include a lower degree of gloss. Also a class of substances having similar composition to glass with the addition of stannic oxide, or other infusible substances to render the enamel opaque. Can be used to describe a coating which forms a film through chemical union of its component molecules during cure and in shop terminology can be used to describe paint which is no longer a lacquer. All paints, powder or liquid, that form crosslinking chemical bonds during curing, are considered enamels. The majority of industrial finishes fall into this category.

A less-expensive ingredient than titanium dioxide that fills out and extends the pigment's capabilities. Extender cannot be used without pigment. Some common extenders are clays, calcium carbonate, and silica.

Seller fulfills the obligation to deliver when he or she has made the goods available at his/her premises (i.e., works, factory, warehouse, etc.) to the buyer. In particular, the seller is not responsible for loading the goods in the vehicle provided by the buyer or for clearing the goods for export, unless otherwise agreed. The buyer bears all costs and risks involved in taking the goods from the seller's premises to the desired destination. This term thus represents the minimum obligation for the seller.

Lightening of the paint's color, usually caused by exposure to light or heat.

A condition that can exist on a substrate because of its geometric configuration, which can inhibit the electrostatic application of powder particles at that specific localized area.

Seller fulfills his obligation to deliver when the goods have been placed alongside the vessel on the quay or in lighters at the named port of shipment.This means that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or damage to the goods from that moment.

Seller fulfills their obligation when he or she has handed over the goods, cleared for export, into the charge of the carrier named by the buyer at the named place or point. If no precise point is indicated by the buyer, the seller may choose, within the place or range stipulated, where the carrier should take the goods into their charge.

The forming of a continuous film by melting powder particles and coalescing them.

The paint's ability to form a continuous dry film. This process is the result of the water or solvents evaporating and the coming together of the binder particles. A continuous dry film repels water.

The detachment of pieces of paint from the substrate, caused by a loss of adhesion and elasticity. Also known as scaling.

The lowest temperature at which a solvent will generate sufficient vapors to ignite in the presence of flame.

The time required between application of successive wet-on-wet coatings or between application and baking to allow the bulk of the solvents in the coating to rise slowly and evaporate. In baked coatings the flash-off time helps to prevent solvent boil off and film blistering.

A deposition method of applying powder by spray to a substrate heated above the melt point of the powder material.

Paint stripping process in which a paint stripping formulation is applied to a coated piece in order to loosen the coating. The item being stripped sits in a shallow tank with an inclined bottom. The paint stripper is applied either manually (e.g., bucket) or automatically (e.g., hose/pump system).

A fixed container in which powder is suspended in a continuous stream of air. Preheated objects can be coated by dipping directly into a fluidized bed. The fluidized bed can also be used to facilitate transfer of powder materials to an alternate application site.

Seller fulfills his or her obligation to deliver when the goods have passed over the ship's rail at the named port of shipment. This means that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks to loss of or damage to the goods from that point. The FOB term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.

The melting & flow of individual powder particles under the influence of heat to form a continuous film.

Interval required at a given temperature for a powder to be transformed from a dry solid to a gel-like state.

See Plate flow.

A co-solvent, combined with water in aqueous (latex) systems to form the total thinner. Various glycols perform various functions, however, they are generally valuable as brushing agents and for temperature stability (ethylene glycol is the chief ingredient in anti-freeze). Generically, CH2OHCH2OH. General term for dihydric alcohols; ethylene glycol is the most simple of the glycols.

An electrical grounding of item to be coated.

The ability of paint to hide or obscure a surface, color or stain over which it has been uniformly applied. Hiding power is provided by the paint's pigment.

The tendency of finely divided powders to combine with other particles in the application equipment during the application process.

See plate flow.

A powder coating's capability to adhere to previously applied films.

Fire retardant coating which, when heated becomes plastic and produces nonflammable gasses, such as carbon dioxide and ammonia. The gasses are trapped by the film, converting it to a foam about fifty times as thick as the original paint film. At this stage, the film solidifies, resulting in a thick, highly insulating layer of carbon, which effectively protects the substrate from fire.

(1) Stable dispersion of a polymeric substance in an essentially aqueous medium. (2) Fine dispersion of rubber or resin, natural or synthetic, in water; the synthetic is made by emulsion polymerization. (Strictly speaking, after polymerization a latex is a solid dispersed in water, and therefore is not an emulsion. Latex and emulsion are often used synonymously in the paint industry.)

Water-thinned paint made with synthetic binders such as polyvinyl acetate or acrylic resins. In contrast to oil-based paint, latex paint dries fast, flows smoothly, and cleans up easily with water. High-performance latex paints contain 100% acrylic resins.

A letter issued by a bank authorizing the bearer to draw a stated amount of money from the issuing bank, its branches, or other associated banks or agencies.

The ability of a coating to form a smooth film without brush marks appearing. Higher quality latex paint has superior leveling ability.

The lower point for a range of concentrations of organic particles suspended in air that can be ignited by a sufficient energy source. Also called minimum explosive concentration (MEC).

A predominant process for the manufacture of powder coatings involving the continuous compounding of the pigments, fillers, catalysts, and resins at elevated temperatures.

The temperature at which a finely divided powder will begin to melt & flow.

Common units of measurement of coating thickness: 25 microns (micrometers) equals 1 mil. (one thousandth of an inch).

Chemical agent in quality paint that retards mildew, a common problem in humid climates.

See lower explosive limit.

A technique of depositing powder on to a substrate, which may be heated above the melt point of the powder material. Some methods are flocking and fluidize bed.

An unpaid credit order.

In a paint booth, the filter acts as an absorbent of paint overspray. Also, paint booth filters are often used to absorb waste solvent from the cleaning out of spray gun equipment. As such, the filters become contaminated with paint and/or spent solvents

The average diameter of an object having irregular boundaries, which can be determined various test methods.

The detachment of paint from the surface in ribbons or sheets. Like flaking, the result of loss of adhesion.

Finely ground, natural or synthetic, inorganic or organic, insoluble dispersed particles (powder) which, when dispersed in a liquid vehicle to make paint, may provide, in addition to color, many of the essential properties of the paint: opacity, hardness, durability, and corrosion resistance. The term is used to include extenders, as well as white or color pigments. The distinction between powders which are pigments and those which are dyes is generally considered to be on the basis of solubility. Pigments being insoluble and dispersed in the material, dyes being soluble or in solution when used.

See Plate flow.

A method of applying powder by using compressed gas and by melting the powder in a flame before the powder impinges on the surface.

The distance a powder coating flows in the molten state before gel. Also called inclined plate flow, and pill flow.

This binder is produced from petrochemical feedstocks. The binder's polymer particles are small in size and carried in water. The binder polymers and water mix is known as emulsion.

The capability of a dry powder to flow uniformly or to be continuously poured from a container at a steady rate.

Coatings that are protective, decorative, or both; and that are formed by the application of a coating powder to a substrate fused into continuous films by the application of heat or radiant energy. Coating powders are finely divided particles of organic polymer that generally contain pigments, fillers, and additives and that remain finely divided during storage under suitable conditions.

Coating technique similar to siphon spraying, except that the coating is delivered from a pressurized pot to the spray nozzle under positive pressure. Generally used for high-volume production.

Processes for cleaning and conditioning a substrate to be coated. Next to the choice of coating, this may be the most important factor in the use of high-performance coatings.

A colorless, thermoplastic, water soluble, resinous high polymer derived from the polymerization of vinyl acetate with a catalyst; used as a latex binder in certain, generally lower quality water-base coatings.

The ratio of the volume of pigment to the volume of total nonvolatile material (i.e., pigment and binder) present in a coating. The figure is usually expressed as a percentage.

A process to recycle non-deposited powder through the delivery system for reuse.

The process of removing non deposited powder through the delivery system.

See Back ionization.

(1) General term applied to a wide variety of more or less transparent and fusible products, which may be natural or synthetic. They may vary widely in color. Higher molecular weight synthetic resins are generally referred to as polymers. (2) A solid, semi-solid, or pseudo-solid organic material that has an indefinite and often high molecular weight, exhibits a tendency to flow when subjected to stress, usually has a softening or melting range, and usually fractures conchoidally. (3) In a broader sense, the term is used to designate any polymer that is a basic material for coatings and plastics.

Any one of a large family of substances chiefly used with titanium dioxide, the primary pigment, as an extender pigment. When used in moderation, these silicates (magnesium silicate, aluminum silicate, etc.) are valuable in helping control gloss, aid brushability, and increase hold-out properties and overall exterior durability.

The tendency of some powders and powder coating materials to agglomerate during storage.

Droplets of paint that spin or mist off the roller as paint is being applied.

A specially designed enclosure in which coating powders are introduced, contained and recovered during the coating process.

The capability of powder coatings to maintain uniform physical & chemical properties after being subjected to the manufacturer's specified storage conditions.

Generally refers to the smoothness and gloss of powder-coating films and the presence or degree of surface defects.

Contracted from surface-active agents, these are additives which reduce surface tension and thereby improve wetting (wetting agents), help disperse pigments, inhibit foam, or emulsify. Conventionally, they are classified as to their charge: anionic (negative); cationic (positive); nonionic (no charge); or amphoteric (both positive and negative).

Electronic transfers of funds through banks.

A powder coating that will repeatedly melt when subjected to heat and solidify when cooled. Typical examples are vinyl(PVC), nylon, and polyolefin.

A powder coating designed to undergo an irreversible chemical change during the cure schedule. Typical examples are acrylic, epoxy, and polyester.

The thinner and binder together form the paint's vehicle. Water, the thinner used in latex paints, evaporates as the paint dries, allowing a smooth paint application. Turpentine or spirits are the thinners in oil-based paints.

Adjective which describes full-bodied material which undergoes a reduction in viscosity when shaken, stirred, or otherwise mechanically disturbed and which readily recovers the full-bodied condition on standing.

The ratio of the powder deposited compared with the amount directed at the part to be coated.

A powder coating's capability to be carried in an airstream and be passed through tubing and ducts designed to transfer the powder.

The process of creating a static electric charge on powder particles by friction against a nonconductive material.

The highest point at which organic particles suspended in air will ignite if a source of ignition is introduced.

The liquid portion of the paint, in which the pigment is dispersed; it is composed of a binder and a thinner.

(1) The unsaturated, univalent radical CH2: CH -- derived from ethylene. (2) Any of the various compounds containing this group, typically highly reactive, easily polymerized and used as a basic material for coatings and plastics. (3) Any of the various plastics, typically tough and flexible.

Unsprayed powder as opposed to sprayed or reclaimed powder.

Any carbon compound that evaporates under standard test conditions. Essentially, all paint solvents except water are VOCs. Federal and state governments are beginning to limit the amount of volatile organics found in paint because of concerns about possible environmental and health effects.

The quantity, expressed as a weight percent of the powder, that is lost under specified conditions of temperature and time.

Characteristic of vaporizing. The rate of volatility varies among substances.

The volume of pigment plus binder divided by the total volume, expressed as a percent. High volume solids mean a thicker dry film, improved hiding, and high durability.

Ease with which washing will remove dirt from the paint's surface without causing damage.

A characteristic of powder coatings in electrostatic application to seek out and adhere to parts of the substrate not in direct line of sight of the delivery system end point.

Bright yellow pigment which chemically is substantially zinc chromate, although its precise composition is rather complex. Its chief use is in anti-corrosive paints and primers for steel.

Bright yellow pigment which chemically is substantially zinc chromate, although its precise composition is rather complex. Its chief use is in anti-corrosive paints and primers for steel.

Anti-corrosive primer for iron and steel incorporating zinc dust in a concentration sufficient to give electrical conductivity in the dried film, thus enabling the zinc metal to corrode preferentially to the substrate, i.e., to give cathodic protection.